LMCCONFIG(8)

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NAME
lmcconfig - configuration program for LMC (and some SBE) wide-area network interface cards

SYNOPSIS
lmcconfig interface [-abBcCdDeEfgGhiLmMpPsStTuUvVwxXyY?]
lmcconfig interface -1 [-aABcdeEfFgiIlLpPstTuUxX]
lmcconfig interface -3 [-aABcefFlLsSV]

DESCRIPTION
The lmcconfig utility is the configuration program for the lmc(4) wide-area network device driver. It sets control values, such as T3 framing format, and it displays status, such as that of integrated modems, which are beyond the scope of ifconfig(8).

The lmcconfig utility displays the interface status when no parameters are specified; see the EXAMPLES section. For this case only, if no interface is specified, it defaults to “lmc0”.

Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.

The following options are available:

interface
    This is the name of the interface; the default is “lmc0”.

-1  All parameters after this apply to the T1E1 card.

-3  All parameters after this apply to the T3 card.

  Parameters for all cards
The following parameters apply to more than one card type.

-a number
    Set Transmitter clock source to number.

    1 | TxClk from modem | T1E1, HSSI | (default)
    2 | Internal source | T1E1, HSSI
    3 | RxClk from modem | T1E1, HSSIc | (loop timed)
    4 | External connector | T1E1, HSSIc

    An HSSI card normally takes its Tx clock from the modem connector (it is a DTE) but can use the PCI bus clock (typically 33 MHz) for loopback and null modem testing; values 3 and 4 are only applicable to a few rare CompactPCI/HSSI cards.

    A T1E1 card uses an on-board synthesized oscillator if the value is 1 or 2; it loop times (uses the clock recovered by the receiver as the transmitter clock) if the value is 3; and it uses a clock from a header connector on the card if the value is 4.

    TxClk source is not applicable to other card types.

-b  Read BIOS ROM. Print the first 256 locations. The BIOS ROM is not used and not present on some cards.

-B  Write BIOS ROM. Write the first 256 locations with an address pattern.

-c  Use HDLC's 16-bit Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC).

-C  Use HDLC's 32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC).

-d  Clear the driver-level debug flag. Non-critical log messages are suppressed.

-D  Set the driver-level debug flag. The driver generates more log messages. The driver also generates more log messages if the interface-level debug flag is set by ifconfig(8).

-e  Set DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) mode (default). An SSI card transmitter uses the Tx clock signal from the modem connector and receives the Data Carrier Detect pin (DCD). DTE/DCE is not applicable to other card types except a few rare CompactPCI/HSSI cards.

-E  Set DCE (Data Communication Equipment) mode. An SSI card transmitter uses an on-board synthesized oscillator and drives the Data Carrier Detect pin (DCD).

-f number
    Set the frequency of the built-in synthesized oscillator to number bits/second. The nearest frequency that the synthesizer can generate will be used. Only SSI cards and a few rare CompactPCI/HSSI cards have synthesizers.

-g  Load gate array microcode from on-board ROM; see also -U.

-G filename
    Load gate array microcode from filename; see also -U.

-h  Print help (usage message).

-i  Set interface name (e.g. “lmc0”).

-L number
    Set loopback mode to number.

    1 | none | default
    2 | payload | outward thru framer | T1E1. T3
    3 | line | outward thru line if | T1E1, T3
    4 | other | inward thru line if | T1E1, T3
    5 | inward | inward thru framer | T1E1, T3
    6 | dual | inward and outward | T1E1, T3
    16 | tulip | inward thru Tulip chip | all cards
    17 | pins | inward thru drvrs/rcvrs | SSI
    18 | LA/LL | assert LA/LL modem pin | HSSI, SSI
    19 | LB/RL | assert LB/RL modem pin | HSSI, SSI

-m  Read Tulip MII registers. Print the 32 16-bit registers in the Media Independent Interface.

-M addr data
    Write Tulip MII register. Write data into register addr.

-p  Read Tulip PCI configuration registers. Print the first 16 32-bit registers in the PCI configuration space.

-P addr data
    Write Tulip PCI configuration register. Write data into register addr.

-s  Read Tulip SROM. Print the 64 16-bit locations. The PCI subsystem vendor and device IDs are kept here.

-S number
    Write Tulip SROM. Initializes the Tulip SROM to card type number.

    3 | HSSI
    4 | T3
    5 | SSI
    6 | T1E1
    7 | HSSIc
    8 | SDSL
    0 | auto-set from uCode type

    If number is zero, then the card type is computed from the gate array microcode version field in the MII PHYID register. CAUTION: if the SROM is incorrect, the card will be unusable! This command is so dangerous that lmcconfig must be edited and recompiled to enable it.

-t  Read Tulip CSRs. Print the 16 32-bit Control and Status Registers.

-T addr data
    Write Tulip CSR. Write data into register addr. Note that addr is a CSR number (0-15) not a byte offset into CSR space.

-u  Reset event counters to zero. The driver counts events like packets in and out, errors, discards, etc. The time when the counters are reset is remembered.

-U  Reset gate array microcode.

-v  Set verbose mode: print more stuff.

-V  Print the card configuration; see the EXAMPLES section.

-x number
    Set the line control protocol to number. Line control protocols are listed below along with the operating systems that implement them and the stacks that include them.

    x | Protocol | OpSys | Stack
    1 | IPinHDLC | FNOBL | D--G-N
    2 | PPP | FNOBL | -SPGYN
    3 | CiscoHDLC | FNOBL | -SPGYN
    4 | FrameRelay | F--BL | -SPG-N
    5 | EthInHDLC | F---L | ---G-N

        OpSys: FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD BSD/OS Linux.
        Stack: Driver SPPP P2P GenHDLC sYncPPP Netgraph.

-X number
    Set the line control protocol stack to number. Line control protocol stacks are listed below along with the operating systems that include them and the protocols that they implement.

    X | Stack | OpSys | Protocol
    1 | Driver | FNOBL | I----
    2 | SPPP | FNO-- | -PCF-
    3 | P2P | ---B- | -PCF-
    4 | GenHDLC | ----L | IPCFE
    5 | SyncPPP | ----L | -PC--
    6 | Netgraph | F---- | IPCFE

        OpSys: FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD BSD/OS Linux.
        Protocol: IPinHDLC PPP CiscoHDLC FrmRly EthInHDLC.

-y  Disable SPPP/SyncPPP keep-alive packets,

-Y  Enable SPPP/SyncPPP keep-alive packets.

-?  Print help (usage message).

  Parameters for T1E1 cards
The following parameters apply to the T1E1 card type:

-a -Sm y | a | b Sm
    Stop sending alarm signal (see table below).

-A -Sm y | a | b Sm
    Start sending alarm signal.

    y | Yellow Alarm | varies with framing
    a | Red Alarm | unframed all ones; aka AIS
    b | Blue Alarm | unframed all ones

    Red alarm, also known as AIS (Alarm Indication Signal), and Blue alarm are identical in T1.

-B number
    Send a Bit Oriented Protocol (BOP) message with code number. BOP codes are six bits.

-c number
    Set cable length to number meters (default: 10 meters). This is used to set receiver sensitivity and transmitter line build-out.

-d  Print the status of the on-board T1 DSU/CSU; see the EXAMPLES section.

-e number
    Set the framing format to number.

    9 | T1-SF/AMI
    27 | T1-ESF/B8ZS (default)
    0 | E1-FAS
    8 | E1-FAS+CRC
    16 | E1-FAS+CAS
    24 | E1-FAS+CRC+CAS
    32 | E1-NO-framing

-E number
    Enable 64Kb time slots (TSs) for the T1E1 card. The number argument is a 32-bit hex number (default 0xFFFFFFFF). The LSB is TS0 and the MSB is TS31. TS0 and TS25-31 are ignored in T1 mode. TS0 and TS16 are determined by the framing format in E1 mode.

-f  Read framer registers. Print the 512 8-bit registers in the framer chip.

-F addr data
    Write framer register. Write data into register addr.

-g number
    Set receiver gain range to number.

    0x24 | Short | 0 to 20 dB of equalized gain
    0x2C | Medium | 0 to 30 dB of equalized gain
    0x34 | Long | 0 to 40 dB of equalized gain
    0x3F | Extend | 0 to 64 dB of equalized gain (wide open)
    0xFF | Auto | auto-set based on cable length (default)

    This sets the level at which Loss-Of-Signal is declared.

-i  Send a CSU loopback deactivate inband command (T1 only).

-I  Send a CSU loopback activate inband command (T1 only).

-l  Send a line loopback deactivate BOP message (T1-ESF only).

-L  Send a line loopback activate BOP message (T1-ESF only).

-p  Send a payload loopback deactivate BOP message (T1-ESF only).

-P  Send a payload loopback activate BOP message (T1-ESF only).

-s  Print the status of the on-board DSU/CSU; see the EXAMPLES section.

-t  Stop sending test pattern (see table below).

-T number
    Start sending test pattern number.

    0 | unframed X^11+X^9+1
    1 | unframed X^15+X^14+1
    2 | unframed X^20+X^17+1
    3 | unframed X^23+X^18+1
    4 | unframed X^11+X^9+1  with 7ZS
    5 | unframed X^15+X^14+1 with 7ZS
    6 | unframed X^20+X^17+1 with 14ZS (QRSS)
    7 | unframed X^23+X^18+1 with 14ZS
    8 | framed X^11+X^9+1
    9 | framed X^15+X^14+1
    10 | framed X^20+X^17+1
    11 | framed X^23+X^18+1
    12 | framed X^11+X^9+1  with 7ZS
    13 | framed X^15+X^14+1 with 7ZS
    14 | framed X^20+X^17+1 with 14ZS (QRSS)
    15 | framed X^23+X^18+1 with 14ZS

-u number
    Set transmit pulse shape to number.

    0 | T1 DSX 0 to 40 meters
    2 | T1 DSX 40 to 80 meters
    4 | T1 DSX 80 to 120 meters
    6 | T1 DSX 120 to 160 meters
    8 | T1 DSX 160 to 200 meters
    10 | E1 75-ohm coax pair
    12 | E1 120-ohm twisted pairs
    14 | T1 CSU 200 to 2000 meters; set LBO
    255 | auto-set based on cable length and framing format (default)

-U number
    Set transmit line build-out to number.

    0 | 0 dB | FCC option A
    16 | 7.5 dB | FCC option B
    32 | 15 dB | FCC option C
    48 | 22.5 dB | final span
    255 | auto-set based on cable length (default)

    This is only applicable if the pulse shape is T1-CSU.

-x  Disable transmitter outputs.

-X  Enable transmitter outputs.

  Parameters for T3 cards
The following parameters apply to the T3 card type:

-a -Sm y | a | b | i Sm
    Stop sending alarm signal (see table below).

-A -Sm y | a | b | i Sm
    Start sending alarm signal.

    y | Yellow Alarm | X-bits set to 0
    a | Red Alarm | framed 1010... aka AIS
    b | Blue Alarm | unframed all-ones
    i | Idle signal | framed 11001100...

-B number
    Send a Far End Alarm and Control (FEAC) message with code number. FEAC codes are six bits.

-c number
    Set cable length to number meters (default: 10 meters). This is used to set receiver sensitivity and transmitter line build-out.

-d  Print the status of the on-board T3 DSU; see the EXAMPLES section.

-e number
    Set the framing format to number.

    100 | T3-C-bit parity
    101 | T3-M13 format

-f  Read framer registers. Print the 22 8-bit registers in the framer chip.

-F addr data
    Write framer register. Write data into register addr.

-l  Send a line loopback deactivate BOP message.

-L  Send a line loopback activate BOP message.

-s  Print the status of the on-board T3 DSU; see the EXAMPLES section.

-S number
    Set payload scrambler polynominal to number.

    1 | payload scrambler disabled
    2 | X^43+1: DigitalLink and Kentrox
    3 | X^20+X^17+1 w/28ZS: Larscom

    Payload scrambler polynomials are not standardized.

-V number
    Set transmit frequency offset to number. Some T3 cards can offset the transmitter frequency from 44.736 MHz. Number is in the range (0..4095); 2048 is zero offset; step size is about 3 Hz. A number is written to a Digital-Analog Converter (DAC) which connects to a Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator (VCXO).

  Event Counters
The device driver counts many interesting events such as packets in and out, errors and discards. The table below lists the event counters and describes what they count.

Rx bytes
    Bytes received in packets with good ending status.

Tx bytes
    Bytes transmitted in packets with good ending status.

Rx packets
    Packets received with good ending status.

Tx packets
    Packets transmitted with good ending status.

Rx errors
    Packets received with bad ending status.

Tx errors
    Packets transmitted with bad ending status.

Rx drops
    Packets received but discarded by software because the input queue was full or the link was down.

Rx missed
    Packets that were missed by hardware because the receiver was enabled but had no DMA descriptors.

Tx drops
    Packets presented for transmission but discarded by software because the output queue was full or the link was down.

Rx fifo overruns
    Packets that started to arrive, but were aborted because the card was unable to DMA data to memory fast enough to prevent the receiver fifo from overflowing. This is reported in the ending status of DMA descriptors.

Rx overruns
    Rx Fifo overruns reported by the Tulip chip in the Status CSR. The driver stops the receiver and restarts it to work around a potential hardware hangup.

Tx fifo underruns
    Packets that started to transmit but were aborted because the card was unable to DMA data from memory fast enough to prevent the transmitter fifo from underflowing. This is reported in the ending status of DMA descriptors.

Tx underruns
    Tx Fifo underruns reported by the Tulip chip in the Status CSR. The driver increases the transmitter threshold, requiring more bytes to be in the fifo before the transmitter is started.

Rx FDL pkts
    Packets received on the T1 Facility Data Link.

Rx CRC
    Cyclic Redundancy Checksum errors detected by the CRC-6 in T1 Extended SuperFrames (ESF) or the CRC-4 in E1 frames.

Rx line code
    Line Coding Violation errors: Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) errors for T1-SF, Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution (B8ZS) errors for T1-ESF, or High Density Bipolar with 3-Zero Substitution (HDB3) errors for E1 or Bipolar 3-Zero Substitution (B3ZS) errors for T3.

Rx F-bits
    T1 or T3 bit errors in the frame alignment signal.

Rx FEBE
    Far End Block Errors: T1 or T3 bit errors detected by the device at the far end of the link.

Rx P-parity
    T3 bit errors detected by the hop-by-hop parity mechanism.

Rx C-parity
    T3 bit errors detected by the end-to-end parity mechanism.

Rx M-bits
    T3 bit errors in the multi-frame alignment signal.

If driver debug mode is enabled, more event counters are displayed.

Rx no bufs
    Failure to allocate a replacement packet buffer for an incoming packet. The buffer allocation is retried later.

Tx no descs
    Failure to allocate a DMA descriptor for an outgoing packet. The descriptor allocation is retried later.

Lock watch
    The watchdog routine conflicted with an IOCTL syscall.

Lock intr
    A CPU tried to enter the interrupt handler while another CPU was already inside. The second CPU simply walks away.

Spare1-4
    Nameless events of interest to the device driver maintainer.

  Transmit Speed
The hardware counts transmit clocks divided by 2048. The software computes “Tx speed” from this (see EXAMPLES below). The transmit clock is the bit rate of the circuit divided by two if the circuit is idle and divided by four if the circuit is carrying a packet. So an empty circuit reports a Tx speed equal to its bit rate, and a full circuit reports a Tx speed equal to half its bit rate.

This “bit rate” does not include circuit-level overhead bits (such as T1 or T3 frame bits) but does include HDLC stuff bits. An idle T1 circuit with a raw bit rate of 1544000 and a bit-rate-minus-overhead of 1536000 will report a “Tx speed” of ((1536000 bitand 4095) plus or minus 4096). Sometimes it will even get the correct answer of 1536000, and if the link is fully loaded it will report about 768000 bits/sec.

It is not a perfect bit rate meter (the circuit must be idle), but it is a useful circuit utilization meter if you know the circuit bit rate and do some arithmetic. Software recalculates Tx speed once a second; the measurement period has some jitter.

EXAMPLES
When “lmc0” is a T1E1 card, “lmcconfig lmc0” generates the following output:

    Card name:              lmc0
    Card type:              T1E1 (lmc1200)
    Link status:            Up
    Tx Speed:               1536000
    Line Prot/Pkg:          PPP/P2P
    CRC length:             16 bits
    Tx Clk src:             Modem Rx Clk (loop timed)
    Format-Frame/Code:      T1-ESF/B8ZS
    TimeSlots [31-0]:       0x01FFFFFE
    Cable length:           10 meters
    Current time:           Wed Jan  4 05:35:10 2006
    Cntrs reset:            Fri Dec 16 19:23:45 2005
    Rx bytes:               176308259
    Tx bytes:               35194717
    Rx packets:             383162
    Tx packets:             357792

When “lmc0” is a T1E1 card, “lmcconfig lmc0 -1 -d” generates the following output:

    Format-Frame/Code:      T1-ESF/B8ZS
    TimeSlots [31-0]:       0x01FFFFFE
    Tx Clk src:             Modem Rx Clk (loop timed)
    Tx Speed:               1536000
    Tx pulse shape:         T1-DSX: 0 to 40 meters
    Tx outputs:             Enabled
    Line impedance:         100 ohms
    Max line loss:          20.0 dB
    Cur line loss:           0.0 dB
    Invert data:            No
    Line    loop:           No
    Payload loop:           No
    Framer  loop:           No
    Analog  loop:           No
    Tx AIS:                 No
    Rx AIS:                 No
    Tx BOP RAI:             No
    Rx BOP RAI:             No
    Rx LOS analog:          No
    Rx LOS digital:         No
    Rx LOF:                 No
    Tx QRS:                 No
    Rx QRS:                 No
    LCV errors:             0
    CRC errors:             0
    Frame errors:           0
    Sev Err Frms:           0
    Change of Frm align:    0
    Loss of Frame events:   0
    SNMP Near-end performance data:
     LCV=0 LOS=0 FE=0 CRC=0 AIS=0 SEF=0 OOF=0  RAI=0
    ANSI Far-end performance reports:
     SEQ=0 CRC=0 SE=0 FE=0 LV=0 SL=0 LB=0
     SEQ=1 CRC=0 SE=0 FE=0 LV=0 SL=0 LB=0
     SEQ=2 CRC=0 SE=0 FE=0 LV=0 SL=0 LB=0
     SEQ=3 CRC=0 SE=0 FE=0 LV=0 SL=0 LB=0

DIAGNOSTICS
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, or the user is not privileged and tried to alter an interface's configuration.

SEE ALSO
ioctl(2), lmc(4), ifconfig(8), ifnet(9)

HISTORY
This is a total rewrite of the program lmcctl by Michael Graff, Rob Braun and Andrew Stanley-Jones.

AUTHORS
David Boggs <boggs@boggs.palo-alto.ca.us>